Introduction to Pashto Word’s Characteristics

Abstract

This study investigates the distinctive characteristics of Pashto words, focusing on their phonological, morphological, and semantic features. Pashto, an Eastern Iranian language spoken primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan, exhibits a rich lexical system shaped by historical, cultural, and linguistic influences. The research highlights the unique sound patterns of Pashto words, including retroflex and aspirated consonants, vowel harmony, and stress placement. Morphological processes such as inflection, derivation, compounding, and reduplication are analyzed to show how new words are formed and grammatical relations are expressed. Additionally, the semantic properties of Pashto vocabulary, including synonymy, polysemy, and borrowing from Arabic, Persian, and English, are explored. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Pashto word structure and meaning, contributing to broader discussions in comparative linguistics, lexicography, and language pedagogy. The introduction part explains the thesis of this article which is word’s morphological characteristics. Its literature at the other hand explains how unusual the topic is. It means, the morphological aspect of Pashto word is still not explored. After literature review the full description of the article title is provided. in article we, the authors of this article covered passive case of Pashto word which we admire the most. In discussion part of this article further research is recommended. The conclusion part has a brief summer of the entire study. In this study, we claim that we found that words have different structures, as well as meaning is also subjected to change. Words not have different meanings in different contexts but also change its shape accordingly.